Muri sisitemu yo gutunganya inganda, valve nibintu byingenzi bigenzura, kandi kuborohereza gukora no kwizerwa bigira ingaruka kumutekano no mumikorere ya sisitemu. Nkibikorwa byingenzi bigize imikorere ya valve, intoki ya valve ntabwo igena gusa imikorere yimikorere ya valve, ahubwo inagira uruhare runini mugushushanya muri sisitemu. Mu myaka yashize, hamwe nogukomeza kunoza ibipimo ngenderwaho bya valve no kumenyekanisha porogaramu zifite ubwenge, inganda zikenera gukoresha intoki za valve hamwe nibindi bikoresho bya valve nabyo byiyongereye. Nigute ushobora kugera kumikino ihuza hagati yintoki za valve nibindi bikoresho bya valve, bidashobora gusa kwemeza imikorere rusange ya sisitemu, ariko kandi bikanahuza ibyifuzo byihariye byimirimo itandukanye, byabaye ikibazo cyihutirwa kubashakashatsi nabatekinisiye kubikemura. Iyi ngingo izaganira ku buryo burambuye niba intoki za valve zishobora gukoreshwa hamwe nibindi bikoresho bya valve bivuye muburyo butandukanye nk'imiterere, ibipimo, ibikoresho, kwishyiriraho no kubishyira mu bikorwa, no gusesengura ibyiza byashyizwe mu bikorwa hamwe n’ubwitonzi mu buhanga nyabwo, bitanga ubuhanga bw’abatekinisiye n’ibigo bifitanye isano.
Ibirimo
1. Intangiriro kuri valve intoki hamwe ninshingano zabo
2. Igishushanyo mbonera nuburyo bwo gukora ibikoresho bya valve intoki
3. Incamake y'ibindi bikoresho bya valve
4. Ibipimo nibisobanuro bihuye
5. Isesengura rishoboka ryo guhuza intoki za valve hamwe nibindi bikoresho
6. Tekinoroji yingenzi nubwitonzi muguhuza
7. Isesengura ryimanza zifatika
1. Intangiriro kuri valve intoki hamwe ninshingano zabo
Intoki ya valve nigikoresho cyo kugenzura cyashyizwe kuri valve, kandi umurimo wacyo nyamukuru ni ukumenya gufungura no gufunga ihinduka rya valve. Nka interineti itaziguye yo gukora valve, igishushanyo cya handwheel kigira ingaruka kuburyo butaziguye uburambe bwabakoresha no kumenya ukuri kwa valve. Ibikorwa byayo byingenzi birimo:
Kugenzura no guhinduranya: Muguhinduranya intoki, uyikoresha arashobora kugenzura neza urwego rwo gufungura cyangwa gufunga valve, bityo agahindura umuvuduko numuvuduko wamazi.
Kurinda umutekano: Igishushanyo kiboneye cyamaboko kirashobora kwirinda gufungura no gufunga bikabije cyangwa bitaringanijwe biterwa nigikorwa kidakwiye, kandi bikarinda imikorere yumutekano wa valve hamwe na sisitemu yose.
Ubworoherane bwimikorere: Imiterere, ibikoresho hamwe nubuso bwo kuvura intoki bifitanye isano itaziguye no kumva no gukora neza, bifite akamaro kanini kuri sisitemu isaba gukora kenshi.
Mubyongeyeho, intoki ya valve nayo igira uruhare runini mukubungabunga sisitemu no gutabara byihutirwa. Igishushanyo cyayo nu guhuza urwego nibindi bikoresho akenshi bigena imikorere rusange ya sisitemu ya valve yose.
2. Igishushanyo mbonera nuburyo bwo gukora bwa valve handwheel
2.1 Ibigize imiterere
Intoki ya valve igizwe ahanini nibice bikurikira:
Umubiri wintoki: Iki nigice umukoresha ahura nacyo. Ubusanzwe ikozwe hejuru - imbaraga zicyuma, ibyuma bidafite ingese cyangwa plastike yubuhanga, kandi bifite ibiranga kurwanya ruswa, kwambara no kurwanya ingaruka.
Ibikoresho: Byakoreshejwe mugushiraho byimazeyo intoki kuri valve. Ifishi isanzwe irimo guhuza urudodo, gufata - mugukosora no gusudira.
Ikibaho cyiza nikirangantego: Bimwe murwego rwo hejuru - intoki zanyuma zifite ibikoresho byo kurwanya kunyerera - kunyerera, ikirangantego cyikigereranyo hamwe nudushushanyo twerekana, ibyo ntabwo byongera imbaraga ziboneka gusa, ahubwo binorohereza uyikoresha gucira urubanza gufungura no gufunga valve.
2.2 Uburyo bwo gukora
Igikorwa cyo gukora intoki za valve gikubiyemo cyane cyane gutera, gutunganya, gutunganya hejuru no guteranya no gukemura:
Igikorwa cyo guta: Kubyuma byamaboko, tekinoroji yo hejuru - ikoreshwa neza kugirango habeho ituze ryimbaraga nimbaraga zimiterere yumubiri wintoki.
Gukora: Gukora imashini, gusya, gucukura nibindi gutunganya hejuru yintoki kugirango umenye neza ko umwobo wubatswe neza, inkombe yoroshye, kandi ibisabwa byihanganirwa byujujwe.
Kuvura hejuru: Uburyo busanzwe bwo kuvura burimo gutera, gutera anodize, amashanyarazi, nibindi, kugirango byongere imbaraga zo kwangirika kwangirika hamwe nuburanga, mugihe byongera imikorere ya - kunyerera yintoki.
Guteranya no gukemura: Mugihe cyibikorwa byumusaruro, kugenzura neza ubuziranenge no guteranya no gukemura ni amahuza yingenzi kugirango hamenyekane neza ubuzima bwa serivisi hamwe nintoki.
3. Incamake ya ibindi bikoresho bya valve
Muri sisitemu yo gutunganya inganda, indangagaciro ntizigizwe gusa numubiri nyamukuru wa valve na handwheel, ahubwo zirimo ibikoresho byinshi byunganira, bigira uruhare runini mugukora neza imikorere ya valve. Ibikoresho bisanzwe bya valve birimo:
Ikidodo cya Valve: gikoreshwa mukurinda amazi gutemba no kwemeza ko valve ikomeza gukora neza mugihe cyo gufungura no gufunga.
Ihuza rya Valve: nka flanges, insinga, guhuza gusudira, nibindi, bikoreshwa muguhuza neza na valve na sisitemu y'imiyoboro.
Uburyo bwa Valve stem na drive: ikoreshwa mugukwirakwiza imbaraga zo kuzunguruka intoki kugirango usunike disiki ya valve cyangwa intoki ya valve kugirango ugere kubikorwa byo guhinduranya.
Ibyuma byerekana imbaraga hamwe na moteri: Muri sisitemu yo kugenzura ubwenge, ikoreshwa mugukurikirana imiterere ya valve mugihe nyacyo kandi igahita ihindura amazi.
Ubwoko bwose bwibikoresho bya valve bifite amahame akomeye yinganda nibisabwa byemezwa, hamwe nintoki za valve, nkigice cyingenzi cyabyo, ni ngombwa cyane cyane guhuza nibindi bikoresho.
4. Ibipimo nibisobanuro byo guhuza ikoreshwa
Igishushanyo, gukora no gushyiraho valve nibikoresho byayo bigomba kubahiriza urukurikirane rwibipimo mpuzamahanga ndetse nigihugu, bitanga ishingiro rya tekiniki yo guhuza ibicuruzwa, kwiringirwa numutekano. Kubyerekeranye no guhuza imikoreshereze yintoki za valve hamwe nibindi bikoresho bya valve, ibipimo bikurikira nibisobanuro birimo:
4.1 Ibipimo mpuzamahanga
Ibipimo bya ISO: nka ISO 5211 (igipimo cyo guhuza ibikorwa bya valve na valve), byerekana ibipimo no kwihanganira imikorere yimikorere hamwe n’imigozi ya valve kugirango habeho guhinduranya ibicuruzwa biva mu nganda zitandukanye.
Ibipimo bya API: Ibipimo by’ikigo cya peteroli muri Amerika (API) bifite ibisabwa bikenerwa kubikoresho bya valve, birimo ibice byingenzi nkibikoresho bya valve, ibiti bya valve, hamwe na kashe, kandi birakwiriye ahantu hanini - hashobora kwibasirwa nka peteroli na gaze gasanzwe.
Ibipimo bya ANSI / ASME: valve - ibipimo bifitanye isano na Sosiyete y'Abanyamerika y'Abashinzwe Imashini (ASME), harimo ibisabwa byihariye ku bunini bw'intoki, ibikoresho n'ibikorwa byo gukora, bitanga ibisobanuro bya tekiniki bihuriweho ku bicuruzwa biva mu nganda.
4.2 Ibipimo byigihugu ndetse nakarere
Ibipimo bya GB / T: Ibipimo by’igihugu cy’Ubushinwa bifite ingingo zirambuye ku bijyanye n’ibikoresho bya valve na valve, nka GB / T 12269, GB / T 12266 n’ibindi bipimo, bikubiyemo igishushanyo mbonera, gukora no gupima ibisabwa n’intoki za valve.
Ibipimo bya DIN: Ubuziranenge bw’inganda mu Budage (DIN) bigira uruhare runini mubijyanye no gushushanya valve. Ibihugu byinshi by’Uburayi bifashisha ibipimo ngenderwaho mu rwego rwa tekiniki kugira ngo ibicuruzwa birushanwe ku isoko mpuzamahanga.
Ibipimo bya JIS: Ibipimo by’inganda by’Ubuyapani nabyo bigira uruhare runini ku isoko rya Aziya, bitanga ibipimo bya tekiniki birambuye hamwe nuburyo bwo kugenzura uburyo bwo guhuza ikoreshwa ryamaboko ya valve nibindi bikoresho.
4.3 Icyemezo cy'inganda no kugerageza
Kugirango hamenyekane ubuziranenge bwogukoresha imikoreshereze yimyenda ya valve nibindi bikoresho, ibigo byinshi bigomba gutsinda ubugenzuzi bwibigo bya gatatu - byemeza amashyaka mbere yo kuva muruganda. Izi mpamyabumenyi zirimo:
Icyemezo cya sisitemu yo gucunga neza (nka ISO 9001): menya neza ko ibikorwa by’isosiyete bihagaze neza kandi ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge.
Icyemezo cyibicuruzwa (nka CE, UL, nibindi): menya neza ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa mpuzamahanga mubijyanye numutekano, kurengera ibidukikije, nibindi.
Kwipimisha site -: Ibigo bimwe bizakora kuri - ibizamini bya sisitemu nyayo ya sisitemu ukurikije uyikoresha akeneye kugenzura niba imikorere nibikorwa bitandukanye.
5. Isesengura rishoboka ryo guhuza intoki za valve hamwe nibindi bikoresho
Nka interineti ikora ya valve, guhuza imikoreshereze yintoki za valve hamwe nibindi bikoresho bya valve bikubiyemo ibibazo byinshi bya tekiniki nibikorwa. Ibikurikira bizasesengurwa birambuye uhereye kubishushanyo mbonera, kwishyiriraho, ibikoresho no guhuza sisitemu.
5.1 Igishushanyo mbonera
Mugihe cyo gushushanya, buri bikoresho bya valve bigomba gukurikiza ubunini buringaniye hamwe nibisobanuro byerekana neza kugirango habeho guhinduranya no guhuza sisitemu rusange. Urugero:
Ibipimo ngenderwaho: Intoki, ibiti bya valve, ibyuma bikora nibindi bikoresho bigomba kwemeza ibipimo ngenderwaho bihuriweho (nka ISO 5211) kugirango buri kintu cyose gishobora guhuzwa mugihe cyasimbuwe cyangwa kizamurwa.
Ingano ihuye: Mugihe cyibishushanyo mbonera, birakenewe kwemeza ko kwishyiriraho aperture hamwe nuburyo bwo gutunganya intoki zintoki bihuye nibishushanyo mbonera byumubiri wa valve kugirango wirinde kwishyiriraho cyangwa gukora nabi.
Igishushanyo mbonera cyogukwirakwiza: Nkigice cyingenzi cyibimenyetso byinjira byinjira, ihererekanyabubasha ryikiganza ryintoki rigomba kuzirikana guhuza hamwe nigiti cya valve hamwe na kashe kugirango hatazabaho kumeneka cyangwa kwangirika biturutse ku kudahuza imashini mugihe gikora.
5.2 Kwishyiriraho no guhuza
Igikorwa cyo kwishyiriraho sisitemu ya valve igena ingaruka zanyuma zikorana na buri kintu. Kubijyanye no gukoresha ikoreshwa rya valve hamwe nibindi bikoresho, ni ngombwa kwitondera:
Kwishyiriraho ubudahwema: Niba ibicuruzwa biva mubikorwa bitandukanye bikoresha uburyo busa bwo gukosora (nk'udodo, indobo, nibindi), bifasha kwishyiriraho vuba no gusenya, kandi bigabanya ibibazo biterwa no kwishyiriraho nabi.
Kuri - gukuramo urubuga: Mugushiraho nyirizina, kuri - gukuramo urubuga bigomba gukoreshwa kugirango hamenyekane imikoranire hagati yibice bitandukanye kugirango harebwe niba intoki, uruti rwa valve, kashe hamwe nibindi bikorwa bishobora gukorera hamwe mugihe gikora.
Kubungabunga no gusimbuza ibyoroshye: Iriba - ryateguwe na sisitemu yo gukoresha ibikoresho bya handwheel ibikoresho byoroshye kubitaho no kubisimbuza ejo hazaza, kugabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga no kongera ubuzima rusange muri sisitemu.
5.3 Ibikoresho n'ibikorwa guhuza
Intoki za Valve hamwe nibindi bikoresho bya valve mubisanzwe bikozwe mu kwambara - birwanya, kwangirika - birwanya kandi hejuru - ibikoresho byimbaraga. Kugenzura niba ibintu bifatika bigizwe nibikoresho birebire - gukoresha imvugo ni urufunguzo rwo kugera ku guhuza neza:
Guhuza ibikoresho: Ibikoresho nkibyuma bitagira umwanda, ibyuma bikozwe mubyuma cyangwa plastiki yubuhanga bigomba guhuzwa bishoboka cyane muguhitamo kugirango wirinde ibibazo nko kwagura ubushyuhe hamwe no kwambara kutaringaniye biterwa no gutandukanya ibintu.
Uburyo bwo kuvura isura: Binyuze mu gutera, amashanyarazi, anodize hamwe nubundi buryo bwo kuvura, ubuso bwa buri kintu gifite ibintu bisa na - kwangirika no kurwanya - kwambara kugirango harebwe igihe kirekire - igihe kirekire muri sisitemu mu bihe bigoye byakazi.
Inzira nyayo: Gutunganya neza no kugerageza gukomeye birashobora kwemeza ko kwihanganira ibipimo biri mubice biri mubishushanyo mbonera, bityo bikagera ku ngaruka nziza zo guhuza no gufunga.
6. Tekinoroji yingenzi nuburyo bwo kwirinda mukoresha
Mubikorwa bifatika, kugirango tugere ku ngaruka nziza ihuye hagati yintoki za valve nibindi bikoresho bya valve, birakenewe kwibanda kubintu bikurikira bya tekiniki nibisabwa:
6.1 Gushyira mu bikorwa byimazeyo ibipimo n'ibisobanuro
Wishingikirije ku bipimo mpuzamahanga: Mugushushanya, gukora no kwishyiriraho, kurikiza byimazeyo amahame mpuzamahanga nubuziranenge bwigihugu nka ISO, DIN, ANSI, nibindi kugirango habeho guhinduranya no guhuza ibicuruzwa.
Kwemeza no kwipimisha: Gerageza byimazeyo ibikoresho byose ukoresheje ikigo cya gatatu - cyemeza ibyemezo byishyaka kugirango barebe ko byujuje ibisabwa mubipimo bitandukanye nkumuvuduko, ubushyuhe, no kurwanya ruswa.
6.2 Kuri installation - gushiraho urubuga na komisiyo
Kwishyiriraho umwuga: Birasabwa ko abatekinisiye babigize umwuga bashinzwe kwishyiriraho no gutangiza kugirango barebe ko intera zose zahujwe kandi zifite imikorere myiza yo gufunga.
Igenzura risanzwe: Nyuma yo kwishyiriraho, sisitemu ya valve igomba kugenzurwa no kubungabungwa buri gihe kugirango ihite ivumbura kandi ikemure ibibazo bishobora guterwa no kwambara cyangwa gutandukana.
6.3 Igishushanyo cya sisitemu n'ibitekerezo byuzuye
Muri rusange gutezimbere sisitemu: Muburyo bwa sisitemu yo gushushanya, guhuza ibice bitandukanye nka handwheels, ibiti bya valve, actuator hamwe na kashe bigomba gutekerezwa byimazeyo kugirango ibipimo byubushakashatsi bihuze kandi bigere kubikorwa byiza.
Ikizamini cyo guhuza: Mbere yo guhindura sisitemu cyangwa kwishyiriraho bundi bushya, ingaruka zijyanye na buri gikoresho zigenzurwa hifashishijwe ibizamini bya prototype cyangwa ubushakashatsi bwo kwigana kugirango bigabanye gushidikanya mubikorwa byumushinga.
7. Isesengura ryimanza zifatika
Kugirango turusheho kwerekana neza ingaruka zo gukoresha intoki za valve nibindi bikoresho bya valve, ibikurikira nisesengura ryimanza mumishinga myinshi ifatika:
7.1 Sisitemu yimiti yimiti
Muri sisitemu y'imiyoboro y'uruganda rukora imiti, bitewe no kwangirika gukomeye kwihererekanyabubasha, hatoranijwe urutonde rwuzuye rwibikoresho nibikoresho byujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga - ruswa. Muri ubu buryo, intoki za valve, uruti rwa valve, hamwe na kashe byose bikozwe mu kwangirika - ibikoresho byuma bidafite ingese kandi byatoranijwe neza hakurikijwe ISO 5211. Nyuma yo gutangiza urubuga -, sisitemu ikora neza, kandi ibice birahujwe neza, birinda neza ibibazo bitemba biterwa no kwangirika hagati. Uru rubanza rwerekana ko igishushanyo mbonera gikwiye hamwe nogushyira mubikorwa bisanzwe arirwo rufunguzo rwo kwemeza igihe kirekire - kandi imikorere ihamye ya sisitemu.
7.2 Umurongo wo gutunganya ibiribwa
Mu nganda zitunganya ibiribwa, ibisabwa ku isuku no kutabyara ni byinshi cyane. Uruganda rwibiryo rukoresha - amaherezo y’isuku n’ibikoresho byo mu ntoki muri sisitemu ya valve, kandi ibicuruzwa byayo byose byemejwe na CE na FDA. Intoki zikozwe mu bikoresho bya antibacterial hamwe na anti - kunyerera, kandi hamwe n’ibindi bikoresho bya valve, ikora sisitemu yo gufunga no kugira isuku, ikemeza ko hatazabaho kwanduza umusaraba mu gihe cyo gukora. Uru rubanza rugaragaza ko guhuza imikoreshereze ya valve handwheel nibindi bikoresho bidatezimbere gusa imikorere yimikorere, ahubwo binashimangira isuku numutekano wibicuruzwa.
7.3 Uburyo bwo gutunganya ingufu n’amazi
Mu rwego rwingufu nogutunganya amazi, sisitemu ya valve ikenera gukora munsi yumuvuduko mwinshi, ubushyuhe buke cyangwa ibidukikije byo hejuru. Uruganda rutunganya amazi rukoresha sisitemu yo hejuru ya - ikora, aho intoki za valve hamwe nibikoresho byingenzi nkumubiri wa valve hamwe na kashe byose bitunganyirizwa hamwe na tekinoroji yo hejuru - kugirango harebwe ukuri guhuza ibice. Nyuma yigihe kirekire cyibikorwa, sisitemu ikomeza kuba itajegajega, kandi hafi ya nta kumeneka cyangwa kunanirwa gufunga mugihe cyo gukora. Uru rubanza rwerekana ko mugihe gikabije cyakazi, hifashishijwe igishushanyo mbonera cya siyanse no kugenzura ubuziranenge bukomeye, imikorere ya sisitemu irashobora kwizerwa neza.
