Nkikintu cyingirakamaro cyo kugenzura mubikoresho byinganda,intokiGira uruhare runini mubice bitandukanye nk'imashini, ibikoresho, inganda zikora imiti, ubwubatsi bwo mu nyanja, n'imirongo ikora neza. Nibikorwa byayo byo kohereza itara, guhindura imikorere yimikorere yibikoresho, no kugera kugenzura neza, intoki zifite ibintu byinshi byerekana ibintu. Mu myaka yashize, hamwe n’iterambere rikomeje gutera imbere mu nganda n’inganda zikoresha ubwenge, ibisabwa ku isoko ku ntoki byiyongereye buhoro buhoro. Ntabwo ibicuruzwa bisaba gusa kwihanganira ruswa, imbaraga nyinshi kandi bisobanutse neza, ariko bigomba no kuzirikana ergonomique nigishushanyo mbonera. Hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryateye imbere hamwe numurongo ukize wibicuruzwa, ibicuruzwa byamaboko yubushinwa byagize uruhare runini kumasoko yimbere mugihugu ndetse no hanze. Iyi ngingo izasesengura byimazeyo ubwoko butandukanye bwamaboko yintoki, isuzume ibyiciro byayo, ibiranga ibishushanyo mbonera, ibihe bizakoreshwa hamwe niterambere ryigihe kizaza, kandi igamije gutanga amakuru yumwuga kandi yemewe kubigo byubushakashatsi bwubumenyi, amasosiyete akora inganda n’abaguzi.
Imbonerahamwe
1. Ibitekerezo byibanze nubusobanuro bwintoki
2. Ibyiciro byo gutondekanya intoki
3. Isesengura rirambuye ryubwoko butandukanye bwamaboko
4. Kugereranya amakuru nuburyo isoko ryifashe
1. Ibitekerezo byibanze nubusobanuro bwintoki
Intoki, nanone yitwa uruziga cyangwa uruziga rukoresha, ni ikintu cyohereza gikoreshwa muguhindura intoki no kugenzura imikorere yibikoresho bya mashini. Ubusanzwe ikoreshwa ifatanije nu byuma, guhuza hamwe nibindi bikoresho kugirango utangire uhagarike ibikoresho, uhindure umuvuduko cyangwa uhindure ibipimo uhindura intoki. Intoki ntizifite uruhare runini mugucunga imashini gakondo, ahubwo zigaragara no muri sisitemu igezweho igezweho. Ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru - bigomba kwambarwa - birwanya, kwangirika - birwanya, byuzuye mu kwanduza, hamwe na ergonomic mu gishushanyo mbonera kugira ngo habeho ituze no guhumurizwa mu gihe cyo gukora.
2. Ibyiciro byo gutondekanya intoki
Itondekanya ryintoki zishobora gusesengurwa muburyo bwinshi, cyane cyane harimo ibikoresho, igishushanyo mbonera, imirima ikoreshwa, hamwe no guhuza ibikorwa.
2.1 Gutondekanya kubintu
Ibikoresho bisanzwe byintoki ni ibyuma bidafite ingese, aluminiyumu, plastike, nibikoresho byinshi.
Amaboko y'icyuma: Azwiho kurwanya ruswa cyane, imbaraga zidasanzwe za mashini, hamwe nuburyo bunoze bwo gutunganya, ni ihitamo ryambere mubijyanye n’inganda n’inyanja.
Aluminium alloy handwheel:Umucyo woroshye, ruswa - irwanya, kandi ifite imbaraga nyinshi, ikwiranye nibisabwa bifite uburemere buke.
Amaboko ya plastiki:Igiciro gito, byoroshye gutunganya no kumera, akenshi bikoreshwa mumitwaro - cyangwa ibikoresho bidasanzwe.
Gukoresha intoki:Binyuze mu guhuza ibikoresho byinshi, bifite ibyiza byibikoresho bitandukanye, birashobora kugera ku bipimo ngenderwaho bihanitse, kandi byujuje ibisabwa - byo gusaba ibisabwa.
2.2 Gutondekanya ukurikije igishushanyo mbonera
Intoki zifite kandi ubudasa muburyo bwimiterere, cyane cyane harimo:
Intoki zisanzwe: imiterere yoroshye, ijyanye nuburinganire rusange bwinganda, ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa no kugenzura ibikoresho bisanzwe.
Amaboko yihariye: isura yihariye, ingano n'imikorere ukurikije ibyo umukiriya akeneye, bikwiranye nakazi kadasanzwe cyangwa ibikoresho byihariye.
Intoki zubwenge: zahujwe na sensor, kwerekana ecran cyangwa modul itumanaho kugirango ugere kure no gutanga amakuru kure, bijyanye nibisabwa mubikorwa byubwenge bugezweho.
2.3 Gutondekanya kubisabwa
Ukurikije imirima itandukanye ikoreshwa, intoki zirashobora kandi kugabanywamo:
Inganda zikora inganda: zikoreshwa mubikoresho byubukanishi, imirongo yumusaruro wikora nibikoresho biremereye, bisaba kuramba no kohereza neza.
Amashanyarazi ya Offshore: akeneye kugira spray yumunyu no kurwanya ruswa, ibereye amato, urubuga rwo hanze hamwe nimishinga ijyanye nayo.
Intoki mu nganda zikora imiti: shimangira kurwanya ruswa n’umutekano, bikwiranye n’ibikoresho bya shimi no kugenzura ibikoresho.
Ibikoresho byiza byo munzu n'ibiro byo mu biro: igishushanyo cyibanda ku bwiza, ergonomique n'imikorere yo kugenzura ubwenge, ibereye imashini zoroheje cyangwa ibidukikije byo mu biro.
2.4 Gutondekanya kumikorere nurwego rwo kwishyira hamwe
Mubyongeyeho, ukurikije imikorere nurwego rwo kwishyira hamwe, intoki irashobora kugabanywamo:
Imikorere imwe - imikorere yintoki: ahanini itahura ibikorwa byibanze byo kugenzura imikorere, hamwe nuburyo bworoshye nigiciro gito ugereranije.
Multi - imikorere ihuriweho nintoki: ihuza imirimo myinshi, nkubushyuhe nogukurikirana umuvuduko, ndetse irashobora no guhuzwa na sisitemu yo kugenzura sisitemu kugirango igere kure no kuburira amakosa.
Sisitemu y'intoki ya moderi: abakoresha barashobora guhitamo modul zitandukanye zitandukanye bakurikije ibyo bakeneye kugirango bahuze byoroshye ibisabwa bitandukanye.
3. Isesengura rirambuye ryubwoko butandukanye bwintoki
Ukurikije ibyiciro byavuzwe haruguru, ibikurikira nisesengura rirambuye ryubwoko butandukanye bwamaboko kugirango berekane ibiranga umwihariko mubishushanyo, ibikoresho nibisabwa.
3.1 Icyuma intoki
Intoki zidafite ingese ni bumwe mu bwoko bukunze kugaragara ku isoko kandi bukoreshwa cyane mu nganda, inganda n’inganda. Ibyingenzi byingenzi birimo:
Kurwanya ruswa nyinshi: Ibyuma bitagira umwanda bifite anti-{0}} okiside na anti - byangirika, kandi birashobora gukora neza igihe kirekire mubushuhe, gutera umunyu hamwe nibitangazamakuru byimiti.
Imbaraga nyinshi kandi zihamye: Nyuma yo gutunganya neza no gutunganya ubushyuhe, intoki zidafite ingese zirashobora gukomeza gukora - uburyo bwo kohereza ibintu neza iyo bikorewe imitwaro myinshi kandi ikora kenshi.
Bwiza: Nyuma yuburyo bwo kuvura hejuru nko gusya no gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, intoki zicyuma zidafite ingese ntiziramba gusa, ariko kandi zigaragara neza kandi zikwiranye nibikoresho byanyuma -.
Imbonerahamwe 1 ni urugero rwo kugereranya ibipimo byingenzi byerekana imikorere yintoki zidafite ingese:
| Ibipimo by'imikorere | Urutonde rwerekana | Ibisobanuro |
|---|---|---|
| Kurwanya ruswa | Hejuru | Bikoreshwa mubushuhe bwinshi hamwe no gutera umunyu |
| Imbaraga za mashini | Hejuru | Irashobora kwihanganira imikorere iremereye |
| Ukuri | ± 0.1 mm | Menya neza ko - ihererekanyabubasha |
| Kuvura hejuru | Amashanyarazi, amashanyarazi | Kunoza isura no kwambara birwanya |
3.2 Amaboko ya aluminium
Amaboko ya aluminiyumu avangwa nintoki zimwe zikoreshwa kugirango zorohewe, zirwanya ruswa hamwe nubushyuhe bwiza. Ibyingenzi byingenzi nibi bikurikira:
Uburemere bworoshye: Aluminiyumu yoroheje yoroshye kuruta ibyuma bidafite ingese kandi ikwiranye nibikoresho bifite uburemere bukomeye.
Kurwanya ruswa nziza: Nubwo atari byiza nkibyuma bitagira umwanda, aluminiyumu irashobora kandi kurwanya ruswa ku rugero runaka nyuma yo kuvurwa hejuru nka anodizing.
Byoroshye gutunganya: Aluminium alloy ifite imikorere myiza yo gutunganya, ikaba yorohereza gukora imiterere igoye nibicuruzwa byabigenewe.
3.3 Amaboko ya plastike kandi akomatanya
Amaboko ya plastiki hamwe nintoki zigizwe akenshi zikoreshwa mubisabwa bifite imitwaro mike hamwe nibidukikije bidasanzwe. Ibyiza byabo birahendutse kandi byoroshye guhinduka.
Inyungu yikiguzi: Ibikoresho bya plastiki bifite umusaruro muke kandi birakwiriye kubyara umusaruro.
Kurwanya imiti: Bimwe mubintu - plastike ikora bifite aside nziza, alkali na chimique irwanya ruswa.
Imiterere ihuriweho: Muguhuza ibikoresho bitandukanye, irashobora kugira gukomera no guhinduka kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa byihariye, nkibishobora gukoreshwa bisaba guhungabana cyangwa kumva neza.
3.4 Ibikoresho byabigenewe kandi bidasanzwe
Mubice bimwe byihariye nibikoresho byihariye, intoki zisanzwe ntizishobora guhaza ibikenewe byihariye, kandi intoki zabigenewe zibaho muriki gihe. Ibiranga harimo:
Igishushanyo cyihariye: Hindura isura, ingano n'imikorere ukurikije abakiriya bakeneye kugirango barebe ko ibicuruzwa nibikoresho bihuye neza.
Gukoresha ibikoresho bidasanzwe: Ibikoresho bidasanzwe nko kurwanya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, kwambara birwanya cyangwa guturika bishobora gukoreshwa kugirango akazi gakorwe.
Imikorere myinshi - imikorere: Usibye ibikorwa byibanze byo kugenzura, intoki zabigenewe zishobora kandi guhuza modules zubwenge nko kwerekana, gutabaza, kohereza amakuru, nibindi kugirango tunoze imikorere rusange yibikoresho.
3.5 Ibisanzwe kandi bitari - intoki zisanzwe
Intoki zisanzwe zikurikiza amahame mpuzamahanga cyangwa inganda. Igishushanyo nubunini byagenzuwe ku nini kandi birakwiriye kubikoresho bisanzwe. Non - intoki zisanzwe zikoreshwa ukurikije inganda zihariye, ibikoresho cyangwa ibisabwa mubikorwa, bigamije cyane kandi byumwuga.
4. Kugereranya amakuru n'imiterere y'isoko
Kugirango turusheho kwerekana neza imikorere n'imikorere y'isoko ry'ubwoko butandukanye bw'intoki, imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana ibipimo nyamukuru bya tekiniki hamwe namakuru yo kugabana ku isoko y'ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe (amakuru yavuye mu bushakashatsi ku isoko):
| Ubwoko bwibicuruzwa | Ibikoresho | Ahantu ho gusaba | Umugabane ku isoko (%) | Ikigereranyo cy'ubwiyongere bw'umwaka (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amaboko y'icyuma | Ibyuma | Inganda, inyanja, inganda zikora imiti | 40%-45% | 8%-10% |
| Aluminiyumu yamashanyarazi | Aluminiyumu | Ibikoresho byikora, inganda zoroheje | 20%-25% | 7%-9% |
| Amaboko ya plastiki | Amashanyarazi | Ibikoresho byo murugo, hasi - ibikoresho byo gupakira | 10%-15% | 6%-8% |
| Ikiganza cyihariye | Ibikoresho bitandukanye | Kwimenyereza umwuga kandi hejuru - isoko ryanyuma | 15%-20% | 10%-12% |
Imbonerahamwe yamakuru yerekana ko intoki zidafite ingese zikiri ibicuruzwa byingenzi ku isoko, kandi hamwe n’ubwiyongere bw’ibikenerwa ku bicuruzwa, umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere n’umugabane w’isoko ry’intoki zabigenewe nazo ziyongera uko umwaka utashye.
